Straight answers to real questions about cemeteries and burial related to the end of life. No family should have to face the loss of a loved one uninformed and unprepared. Questions are grouped into General, Burial, Mausoleum, Prearrangements and Care and Maintenance categories for easy reference. By clicking on the question you will be taken directly to the answer.
Cemetery
What are the principal types of cemeteries, and how do they differ?
Why is having a place to visit so important?
What is opening and closing and why is it so expensive?
Can we dig our own grave to avoid the charge for opening and closing?
What happens when a cemetery runs out of land?
How much do graves cost, and why aren’t they priced the same all over?
Will a cemetery ever be used for something else? Can the bodies be moved and a building built?
In a hundred years will this cemetery still be here?
Burial
How soon after or long after a death must an individual be buried?
Does a body have to be embalmed before it is buried?
What are my choices for ground burial?
How do I choose the right type of grave?
What options are available besides ground burial?
What are burial vaults and grave liners?
Must I purchase a burial vault?
What is the difference between lawn crypts and double depth burial spaces?
What is disinterment? What is the process, and why does it happen?
Mausoleum
What are the advantages of a mausoleum burial?
Isn’t it only for rich people?
Are there different types of crypts?
What happens to a mausoleum if there is an earthquake?
How does a mausoleum protect the body?
Can you actually see the bodies in a mausoleum?
How many people will a crypt hold?
How can a mausoleum help eliminate expense?
Prearrangements
May I make the necessary arrangements in advance?
What happens if I buy cemetery property here in advance and later move to another area?
When I buy a grave do I receive a deed just like when I purchase other types of real estate?
Care & Maintenance
What is endowment or perpetual care?
What guarantee do I have that Endowment Care will take care of the cemetery?
Cemetery
What are the principal types of cemeteries, and how do they differ?
Cemeteries usually are divided into two broad categories: traditional cemeteries and memorial parks or gardens. A traditional cemetery, the type used for many generations, has upright monuments, usually made of stone. Many traditional cemeteries also have private mausoleums for above-ground interment. Because many have functioned in their communities for over 100 years, traditional cemeteries typically contain a great deal of history, such as architecture, statuary and other art, as well as the personages interred there. They often feature lush landscaping and impressive greenery.
Memorial parks and gardens are a newer type of cemetery introduced about 85 years ago. They are cemeteries without tombstones: parks and gardens where bronze memorials are placed level with the ground to blend with the beauty of the landscape. They often feature expansive lawns with a variety of trees, flowering beds and gardens, as well as fountains, sculpture or memorial architecture.
Some cemeteries have both traditional upright monument sections and garden sections. Both types of cemeteries may offer above-ground interment in community mausoleums. Both traditional cemeteries and memorial parks may be operated on a for-profit or not-for-profit basis. Cemeteries in B.C. are primarily owned by municipalities, religious or fraternal organizations, or by commercial companies.
Why is having a place to visit so important?
To remember, and be remembered, are natural human needs. A permanent memorial in a cemetery provides a focal point for remembrance and memorializing the deceased. Throughout human history, memorialization of the dead has been a key component of almost every culture. The pyramids of Egypt, the catacombs of ancient Rome and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Ottawa are examples of memorialization which demonstrates that, throughout our history, we have always honored our dead. Psychologists say that remembrance practices, from the funeral or memorial service to permanent memorialization, serve an important emotional function for survivors by helping to bring closure and allowing the healing process to begin. Providing a permanent resting place for the deceased is a dignified treatment for a loved one\’s mortal remains, which fulfills the natural human desire for memorialization.
What is opening and closing and why is it so expensive?
Opening and closing fees can include up to and beyond 50 or more separate services provided by the cemetery. Typically, the opening and closing fee includes administration and permanent record keeping (determining ownership, obtaining permission and the completion of other documentation which may be required, entering the interment particulars in the interment register, maintaining all legal files); opening and closing the grave (locating the grave and laying out the boundaries, excavating and filling the interment space); installation and removal of the lowering device; placement and removal of artificial grass dressing and coco-matting at the grave site, leveling, tamping, re-grading and sodding the grave site and leveling and re-sodding the grave if the earth settles.
Can we dig our own grave to avoid the charge for opening and closing?
The actual opening of the grave and closing of the grave is just one component of the opening and closing fee. Because of safety issues which arise around the use of machinery on cemetery property and the protection of property of adjacent interment rights holders, the actual opening and closing of the grave is conducted by cemetery grounds personnel.
What happens when a cemetery runs out of land?
When a cemetery runs out of land, it will continue to operate and serve the community. Since more and more individuals and families are purchasing their graves in advance, graves which have been sold will be opened when a death occurs, markers will be placed and other services will be provided. B.C. law requires funds to be set aside from each interment rights sale and each memorial installation for the long-term care and maintenance of the cemetery. The amount to be set will vary depending on the type of space selected or the form and size of memorial installed.
How much do graves cost, and why aren’t they priced the same all over?
Grave prices can really vary. Grave prices are normally set based on their location. Normally, graves in urban centers are more expensive than in rural centers because of the replacement value of land. In addition, within the cemetery, grave prices can vary by the section in which the grave is located. For example, graves in a “feature” section — where there is a central feature such as a sculpture for the benefit of lot owners in that section — may be more expensive than in non-feature sections. The number of interments permitted in a grave may also affect the price, as may the size of the grave. Graves which allow for an upright monument may be more expensive due to the space required for the monument.
Will a cemetery ever be used for something else? Can the bodies be moved and building built?
Communities afford respect to cemeteries and to the memorialization which cemeteries provide. In order to protect interment rights holders, strict rules govern the use of cemetery lands. Graves are normally considered to be sold in perpetuity which restricts possible re-development.
In a hundred years will this cemetery still be here?
We think of cemetery lands as being in perpetuity. There are cemeteries throughout the world that have been in existence for hundreds of years.
Burial
How soon after or long after a death must an individual be buried?
There is no law that states a specific time frame for burial. Considerations that will affect timeline include the need to secure all permits and authorizations, notification of family and friends, preparation of cemetery site and religious considerations. Public health laws may have limitations on the maximum length of time allowed to pass prior to final disposition. Contact your local funeral provider.
Does a body have to be embalmed before it is buried?
No, embalming is not required for burial. It is your choice. It may depend on such factors as whether the family has selected a public viewing with an open casket; or to enhance the deceased\’s appearance for a private family viewing; public health laws may require embalming if the body is going to be transported by air or rail, or because of the length of time elapsed from the time of death prior to the burial.
What are my choices for ground burial?
Most common are single graves and lots composed of two or more graves. Not all types of graves are available at all cemeteries. Please check with the cemetery of your choice for availability of specific graves.
How do I choose the right type of grave?
Because it is an important question, many things must be considered. What type of memorial do you prefer? A marker set flat on the ground? An upright monument? How many burials do you expect to take place? Are you arranging for yourself or your family? How much do you want to spend? Answers to these types of questions will assist you to make the right purchase as graves vary by size, location and by price.
What options are available besides ground burial?
Besides ground burial, some cemeteries offer interment in lawn crypts or entombment in mausoleums. In addition, most cemeteries provide choices for those who have selected cremation. These often include placement of cremated remains in a niche of a columbarium or interment in an urn space. Many cemeteries now provide for scattering of the remains in a garden set aside for that purpose, which can include a plaque memorializing the deceased.
If I’m going to be cremated, why would I want my remains to be placed in a columbarium or interred or scattered at the cemetery? Why shouldn’t I just have them scattered in the sea or in some other place of my choosing?
As long as it is permitted by local regulations, your cremated remains can be scattered in a place that is meaningful to you. This can, however, present difficulties for your survivors. Some people may find it hard to simply pour the mortal remains of a loved one out onto the ground or into the sea. If you wish to be scattered somewhere, it is therefore important to discuss your wishes ahead of time with the person or persons who will actually have to do the scattering. Another difficulty with scattering can occur when the remains are disposed of in an anonymous, unmarked or public place. Access to the area may be restricted for some reason in the future, undeveloped land may be developed or any of a host of other conditions may arise that could make it difficult for your survivors to visit the site to remember you. Even if your cremated remains are scattered in your backyard, what happens if your survivors relocate sometime in the future? Once scattered, cremated remains cannot easily be collected back up. Having your remains placed, interred or scattered on a cemetery\’s grounds ensures that future generations will have a place to go to remember. If remains are scattered somewhere outside the cemetery, many cemeteries will allow you to place a memorial of some type on the cemetery grounds, so survivors have a place to visit that will always be maintained and preserved.
What is a columbarium?
A columbarium, often free-standing in a cemetery or located within a mausoleum or chapel, either indoor or outdoor, is constructed of numerous small compartments (niches) designed to hold urns containing cremated remains.
What are burial vaults and grave liners?
These are the outside containers into which the casket is placed. Burial vaults are designed to protect the casket and may be made of a variety or combination of materials including concrete, stainless steel, galvanized steel, copper, bronze, plastic or fiberglass. A grave liner is a lightweight version of a vault which simply keeps the grave surface from sinking in.
Must I purchase a burial vault?
Most large, active cemeteries have regulations that require the use of a basic grave liner for maintenance and safety purposes. Either a grave liner or a burial vault will satisfy these requirements. Some smaller rural or churchyard cemeteries do not require use of a container to surround the casket in the grave.
What is double depth?
Some cemeteries either allow for the burial of two caskets in a grave or have specific sections where this type of grave is available. Double depth just means that one casket is placed in the grave at an approximate depth of seven feet. When a second interment is required, the second casket is placed on top of the first casket at standard depth.
What are lawn crypts?
Lawn crypts are essentially underground tombs, constructed of reinforced concrete, steel and waterproof materials.
What is the difference between lawn crypts and double depth burial spaces?
Lawn crypts are pre-set. Double depth burial lots are set at the time of death.
What is disinterment? What is the process, and why does it happen?
Disinterment is the removal of the casket containing human remains from a grave. Disinterment may be ordered by certain public officials without the consent of the grave owner or the next of kin, for example, as part of a police investigation. Individuals or families may also request disinterment, if for example they would like to have the human remains relocated to another grave in the cemetery, to a mausoleum or possibly shipped to a country of birth. Disinterment requires the grave to be opened. The casket containing the human remains is removed. Depending on the length of time the casket has been buried, a new casket may be required. The grave is then closed. Disinterment can also refer to the removal of cremated remains from a grave.
Mausoleum
What is a mausoleum?
Historically, the word mausoleum comes from the large temple-like structure which was erected by Queen Artemisia in the ancient city of Harlicarnassua as the final resting place for her late husband, King Mausolus. Mausolus, from which the word mausoleum is derived, ruled over Caria in Asia Minor and died in 353 B.C. His mausoleum is now regarded as the fifth of the Seven Wonders of the World. The pyramids of Egypt and the Taj Mahal in India are other examples of ancient mausolea. A community mausoleum is simply a large building designed to provide above-ground entombment for a number of people. Sharing the costs of the mausoleum with other individuals makes it more affordable than a private mausoleum. Crypts are designed to hold casketed remains. Following a casket entombment, the crypt is sealed, and a granite or marble front is attached. Niches will accommodate urns containing cremated remains. Following an urn entombment, a niche front of granite, marble, bronze, wood or glass is attached.
What is entombment?
Entombment is the interment of human remains in a tomb or mausoleum. It involves placing a casket or cremation urn in a crypt or niche (individual compartment within a mausoleum or columbarium) which is then sealed.
What are the advantages of a mausoleum burial?
Mausoleum crypts are both clean and dry and often are located indoors for year round comfort for visitors. They offer a viable alternative for those who simply have an aversion to being interred in the ground. Furthermore, with the growing shortage of available land for cemetery use, mausolea allow for a maximum number of entombments in a minimum amount of space.
Isn’t it only for rich people?
In most cases, the cost of mausoleum entombment is comparable to the costs of interment in a lot with an upright monument.
Are there different types of crypts?
Yes. Single crypts are designed for one entombment only. There are four different kinds of double crypts: tandem crypts permit two entombments lengthwise in a crypt; couch crypts permit two entombments, one behind the other, widthwise in a crypt: companion crypts permit two entombments side-by-side; westminster crypts permit two entombments, the first below floor level, and the second above it. Most mausolea are built five, six and seven crypts high. The price of the crypt will depend on its location and the type of crypt. For example: upper level crypts are usually less expensive than those located at eye or heart level.
What happens to a mausoleum if there is an earthquake?
Modern mausoleums are steel-reinforced concrete structures, covered with granite or marble. They typically are built to meet all local building specifications, including those regarding earthquakes.
How does a mausoleum protect the body?
Because the casket is placed in a clean, dry, above-ground crypt, the remains are protected from water and the elements of the earth.
Can you actually see the bodies in a mausoleum?
No. When you visit a mausoleum, you see the front of the crypt, which typically is made of granite or marble. The name of the person who has died, along with their years of birth and death, appear on the crypt front. The casket rests behind a solid, sealed panel which is placed behind the granite or marble crypt front.
How many people will a crypt hold?
Crypts come in several sizes. Although “singles” and “doubles” are the most common, some crypts can accommodate up to four caskets.
What is a tandem?
A tandem is a mausoleum space designed to accommodate two caskets lengthwise.
What is a couch crypt?
A couch crypt in a mausoleum is a space designed to accommodate two caskets widthwise, with one place behind the other.
How can a mausoleum help eliminate expense?
When you select a mausoleum, you eliminate the need for expense of vaults and monuments or memorials which almost always are purchased with ordinary earth burial.
Prearrangements
May I make the necessary arrangements in advance?
Yes, usually arrangements may be made in advance. When you plan ahead, you will be able to consider the many options available. You will have the opportunity to make an informed decision about your funeral and cemetery arrangements and the form of memorial you prefer. You will be able to make choices that are meaningful to both you and your family, and you will gain peace of mind knowing your family and friends will be relieved of the emotional and financial burden often associated with making arrangements when a death occurs. By prearranging your funeral and cemetery services, you benefit by purchasing at today\’s prices, free from inflationary pressures in the future. Be sure to check whether the contract of your local provider guarantees prices. Your local cemetery and funeral provider FSABC link can help you preplan.
What happens if I buy cemetery property here in advance and later move to another area?
Some cemeteries have credit exchange programs which allow for a dollar-for-dollar transfer of services and merchandise between participating cemeteries. When prearranging, be sure to ask your local cemetery about exchange policies, surrender or sell back policies, right holder transfers and privileges offered.
When I buy a grave do I receive a deed just like when I purchase other types of real estate?
No. When you purchase a grave you are in fact purchasing the right to designate who may be interred in the space, rather than purchasing the grave itself. The land and control over that land remains the property and responsibility of the cemetery. You also acquire a right to place a memorial, subject to the rules and regulations for memorials established for the lot, where permitted.
Can I resell my grave?
This will depend on the rules and regulations of the cemetery. While some cemeteries will repurchase graves others will not repurchase graves and may have restrictions on resale to a third party.
Care & Maintenance
What is endowment or perpetual care?
A portion of the price paid for right of interment is contributed to an endowment or perpetual care fund. Income from the endowment care fund is used to provide regular care and maintenance at the cemetery in perpetuity. Regular care and maintenance activities can include: cutting grass, regrading of graves, planting and caring for trees, maintenance of water supply systems, roads, drainage, etc. The minimum amount to be contributed to the endowment care fund is governed by provincial law.
What guarantee do I have that Endowment Care will take care of the cemetery?
Endowment or perpetual care funds in B.C. are protected by law and are very conservatively managed. Income from the fund can only be spent on care and maintenance of the cemetery — the principal of a cemetery’s Care Fund is protected by provincial cemetery legislation.
If you have a question that has not been addressed simply send us an email and we will provide an answer to the best of our abilities. Contact info@ccabc.org